Constitutional Convention :: essays research papers

During the Constitutional Convention, and the years to follow, the Anit-federalists heavily disputed with Federalist Party. One of the longest and most important arguments throughout this time period were the debates between Alexander Hamilton of the Federalists and Thomas Jefferson of the Anti-Federalists. The controversial issue discussed was over the establishment of a national bank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander Hamilton, at the time George Washington’s Secretary of Treasury, explained before the Congress that the U.S. Government’s need for a national bank was imperative for the survival of the nation. Hamilton stated that besides having â€Å"expressed† powers, it possesses â€Å"implied† powers designated into Constitution. Hamilton states in letter to Washington that â€Å"implied powers are to be equally delegated with expressed ones. Then it follows†¦.that the erection of a corporation[such as a bank] may well be implied†¦.it may as well be employed as an instrument†¦.of carrying into action any specific powers†¦.because the corporation has a natural relation to the government.† With saying this, Hamilton argues that a national bank in not unconstitutional because bank is a corporation which would regulate foreign trade, interstate commerce and government finances. One can use the implied power in this instance, because it is incident to a legislative power to regulate a thing, to employ all the means necessary is in fact legal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jefferson’s arguments provide a rationale for those who believed that states could overrule decisions of the federal government. The idea of a national bank would strip those rights of a states powers and this is what Jefferson argued. Jefferson believed strongly in the Articles of Confederation, and he was not willing to let go of its ideas, thus causing great tension between he and Alexander Hamilton. During his term of vice-presidency, Jefferson anonymously wrote the Kentucky Resolutions which expressed his views of politics. In here he states that â€Å"whenever a government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force†¦.and that the co-States, recurring to their natural right in cases not made Federal, will concur in declaring these acts void and of no force†¦.

Review of “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl”

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: A Review Harriet Jacobs wrote Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl to show Northern free people what was actually happening to slaves. She hoped her eyewitness stories would convince them that they should speak up against slavery and unite in the effort to end it. She was especially interested in showing free white women the difference between her life and theirs. She wanted them to see that many things they took for granted were denied slave girls and women.Jacobs was asking free people to look at slavery through her eyes and imagine the pain, both physical and emotional, that she and other slaves were forced to endure. Even though she was a slave, her first six years were happy ones. Her father had skills that made him valuable to the white people so he was allowed more freedom than the average slave. Her grandmother was the daughter of a slave holder. She was granted freedom but then recaptured. She was allowed to make money by selling crack ers after her slave duties were done.An injustice Jacobs describes early in her book is the pain suffered by slave families who are separated when one member is auctioned off to the highest bidder. She tells about this happening to her grandmother who helplessly watched as her son was auctioned off at the age of ten for $720. Jacobs knew the pain of a family being torn apart would weaken a free woman’s stand on slavery. Males were auctioned off more than females because owners were more likely to keep females as sex partners and to father children by them.Slave owners made promises to slaves but never felt obligated to keep those promises. Jacobs’ grandmother had been promised freedom when her mistress died. The executor of the 2 estate, Dr. Flint, instead sold her for $70. In spite of what the will said, he got away with selling her because she was property and no one held him responsible for this unlawful act. She also was never repaid when she lent her life savings to her mistress. Two of the most chilling events Jacobs reports witnessing are on pages 15 and 16.She tells of a male slave who was savagely beaten by Dr. Flint because the slave argued with his wife after finding out their child was really the son of Dr. Flint. She goes on to tell the story of a young slave girl in labor delivering her master’s child. The master’s wife stood by mocking the young girl as the newborn died. The slave girl’s mother watched as her only child also died during child birth. Jacobs wrote, â€Å"The poor black woman had but the one child, whose eyes she saw closing in death, while she thanked God for taking her away from the greater bitterness of life. Much of the book explains Harriet’s attempts to avoid Dr. Flint’s sexual advances. When she reached the age of 15 he began a relentless pursuit of her. She was disgusted by his attention. She did not want to lose her virginity to her master as she saw many other slave girls do. She prayed for a way to get away from him. She endured the jealousy of Dr. Flint’s wife who recognized what was going on. She was in love with a free black man but her master forbid her to have any contact with him. After she convinced her lover to go away, Harriet met Mr. Sands.She became intimate with him in another effort to escape the unwanted advances of Dr. Flint. She had children with Sands but still was not able to get free. Eventually she ran away. She hid for 7 years in a cramped crawl space at her grandmother’s house. Jacob’s goes into detail about her escape to the North and the people who were kind enough to help her in her efforts to stay in contact with her family and to stay hidden from Dr. Flint. He continued his search for her until he died. Jacobs then hid from his family who began a search for her. Harriet learned she couldn’t depend on Mr.Sands for help in getting their children 3 freed. She lived for a time with Isaac and Amy P ost who were activists working for the Underground Railroad. Eventually a woman named Mrs. Bruce bought Harriet Jacobs from Flint’s children for $300 and she gave her her freedom. Her grandmother got to see Harriet free but died shortly after that. Harriet found out that her children, Emily and William, already knew things like who their real father was and where she had been hiding for all those years.Jacobs is very graphic when she describes slavery and the terrible treatment of slaves. She is very good at detailing her thoughts and reactions to the horrible things she saw and experienced. She reminds free women that most women have the same dream of a loving husband, children and a happy home. She also makes it clear that only free women can live their dream. She often expresses the belief that slavery is worse than death. On page 47 she challenges doubtful readers to visit the South and witness the injustice of slavery for themselves.I’m sure that the book does not include all the events that made Harriet Jacobs who she was. There were probably some good memories she could have shared but that would not have supported her argument or fulfilled her purpose. It is not clear to me why Dr. Flint was constantly asking for Harriet’s affection and never forced her to have sex with him. He did with other slave girls. I wonder if he actually loved her and wanted her to submit to him willingly. He also searched for her for many years until his death. Why didn’t he just rape her as he believed he had a right to?This book is easy to read, interesting, and well written. I don’t really believe a slave could write that well though. I also doubt she could have lived in a crawl space for seven years without more serious physical and mental harm. Some things might have been exaggerated to accomplish the author’s goal. She succeeds in showing readers how unjust slavery was. It’s a good book because, even today, we need to be r eminded about how ignorant, cruel and evil people can be. Not all of America’s history is good. We should never forget how the slaves suffered.

JavaScript and Emails †Expert Guide

When writing an email the two main choices that you have are to write the email in plain text or to use HTML. With plain text all you can place in the email itself is text and anything else must be an attachment. With HTML in your email, you can format the text, incorporate images, and do most of the same things in the email that you can do in a web page. As you can incorporate JavaScript into HTML in a web page, you can of course similarly incorporate JavaScript into HTML in an email. Why Isnt  JavaScript Used in HTML Emails? The answer to this relates to a fundamental difference between web pages and emails. With web pages, it is the person browsing the web who decides which web pages they visit. A person on the web is not going to visit pages that they believe may contain anything that might be harmful to their computer such as a virus. With emails, it is the sender who has the most control over what emails are sent and the recipient has less control. The entire concept of spam filtering to try to strip out junk emails that are not wanted is one indication of this difference. Because emails that we dont want can get through our spam filter we want the emails that we do see to be made as harmless as we can make them just in case something destructive does get past our filter. Also while viruses can be attached to both emails and web pages, those in emails are far more common. For this reason, the vast majority of people have the security settings in their email program set much higher than they have set in their browser. This higher setting usually means that they have their email program set up to ignore any JavaScript that might be found in the email. Of course, the reason why most HTML emails dont contain JavaScript because they dont have any need for it. Where there would be a use for JavaScript in an HTML email those who understand that JavaScript is disabled in most email programs will produce an alternative solution where the email links to a web page that contains the JavaScript. The Only Time JavaScipt Is Placed in Email There will only be two groups of people who place JavaScript into their emails — those who have not yet realised that the security settings in email programs are different from that in web pages so that their JavaScript isnt going to run and those who deliberately place JavaScript into their email so that it will automatically install a virus onto the computer of those few people who have the security settings in their browser misconfigured so that their JavaScript can run.